tps-dashboard/cca/data/1.srt

1
00:00:08,520 --> 00:00:08,840


2
00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:09,880
各位观众你们好

3
00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:11,320
欢迎收看《军事科技》

4
00:00:11,360 --> 00:00:12,280
我是主持人蓝皓

5
00:00:12,320 --> 00:00:13,120
 

6
00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:14,400
日本国会参议院

7
00:00:14,440 --> 00:00:16,000
今天上午（6月26日）表决通过了

8
00:00:16,040 --> 00:00:18,480
防卫省设置法修正案等法案

9
00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:20,080
决定将航空自卫队

10
00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:22,320
改编为航空宇宙自卫队

11
00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:24,320
这是日本自1954年

12
00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:29,040
成立陆上 海上 航空自卫队以来

13
00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:30,320
由于相关法案已于四月底

14
00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:31,000
这意味着

15
00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:33,040
日本将放弃战争

16
00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:34,360
不维持军事力量

17
00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:36,000
并否认交战权

18
00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:37,440
 

19
00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:39,280
79年时光荏苒

20
00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:40,680
现今的日本自卫队

21
00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:41,560
已经装备了

22
00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:43,000
大型水面舰艇

23
00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:44,320
远程巡航导弹

24
00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:45,920
与高超音速武器

25
00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:47,760
甚至着手向海外

26
00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:50,000
输出致命装备

27
00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:50,600
这一切

28
00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:52,880
是如何演变的呢

29
00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:53,320
今日

30
00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:54,480
我们将剖析这一

31
00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:56,240
邪祟附体的历程

32
00:00:56,280 --> 00:00:57,720
审视日本怎样凭借

33
00:00:57,760 --> 00:01:00,080
一层又一层防御的言辞

34
00:01:00,120 --> 00:01:01,760
将进攻性的猛兽

35
00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:04,840
包裹进和平的伪装之中

36
00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:07,040


37
00:01:07,080 --> 00:01:08,960
对于战后日本而言

38
00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:10,800
重新武装最大的限制

39
00:01:10,840 --> 00:01:11,880
不是工业能力

40
00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:13,760
而是政治约束

41
00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:15,800
作为一个长期受“和平宪法”

42
00:01:15,840 --> 00:01:18,240
和“专守防卫”原则约束的国家

43
00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:20,840
相比于周期漫长的自主研发

44
00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:23,160
直接从海外采购成熟装备

45
00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:25,160
既能快速形成战斗力

46
00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:26,560
也能在一定程度上

47
00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:27,560
降低国内外

48
00:01:27,600 --> 00:01:29,840
对其军事扩张的关注

49
00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:30,480
因此

50
00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:32,440
从冷战时期到今天

51
00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:34,680
大规模引进美国武器装备

52
00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:35,680
始终是日本

53
00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:37,080
提升军事实力的

54
00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:38,160
重要途径

55
00:01:38,200 --> 00:01:40,640
 

56
00:01:40,680 --> 00:01:42,280
20世纪50年代

57
00:01:42,320 --> 00:01:44,360
日本自卫队刚刚成立时

58
00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:45,840
军事力量的重建

59
00:01:45,880 --> 00:01:48,760
几乎是从美国仓库里开始的

60
00:01:48,800 --> 00:01:50,480
进入冷战后期

61
00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:53,160
日本采购的规模越来越大

62
00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:54,480
1981年

63
00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:55,360
日本引进

64
00:01:55,400 --> 00:01:57,160
F-15J战斗机

65
00:01:57,200 --> 00:01:59,160
凭借强大的空战性能

66
00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:00,120
这款战机

67
00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:03,320
迅速成为日本航空自卫队的主力

68
00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:04,880
此后数十年间

69
00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:06,000
日本共装备

70
00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:07,160
超过两百架

71
00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:08,960
F-15系列战斗机

72
00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:10,760
构成日本领空防御的

73
00:02:10,800 --> 00:02:11,880
核心力量

74
00:02:11,920 --> 00:02:14,200
 

75
00:02:14,240 --> 00:02:16,080
而进入21世纪后

76
00:02:16,120 --> 00:02:17,920
日本采购武器的性质

77
00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:19,680
开始发生变化

78
00:02:19,720 --> 00:02:20,880
过去购买的

79
00:02:20,920 --> 00:02:22,240
是防空武器

80
00:02:22,280 --> 00:02:23,240
反潜装备

81
00:02:23,280 --> 00:02:24,800
和拦截系统

82
00:02:24,840 --> 00:02:26,080
如今购买的

83
00:02:26,120 --> 00:02:27,160
却是越来越多

84
00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:30,320
具备远程打击能力的平台

85
00:02:30,360 --> 00:02:31,480
2011年

86
00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:32,760
日本决定引进

87
00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:35,200
F-35隐身战斗机

88
00:02:35,240 --> 00:02:35,880
此后

89
00:02:35,920 --> 00:02:37,120
日本先后采购

90
00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:39,240
147架F-35A

91
00:02:39,280 --> 00:02:40,560
和F-35B

92
00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:41,720
成为美国之外

93
00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:44,240
最大的F-35用户之一

94
00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:45,320
2015年

95
00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:46,240
美国国务院

96
00:02:46,280 --> 00:02:47,680
批准向日本军售

97
00:02:47,720 --> 00:02:51,360
RQ-4全球鹰高空长航时无人机

98
00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:52,440
这种无人机

99
00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:53,920
翼展接近40米

100
00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:55,200
单次飞行时间

101
00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:56,720
超过30小时

102
00:02:56,760 --> 00:02:58,320
能够在数万米高空

103
00:02:58,360 --> 00:03:01,120
持续执行战略侦察任务

104
00:03:01,160 --> 00:03:02,720
2020年以后

105
00:03:02,760 --> 00:03:03,320
日本

106
00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:04,480
又陆续引进

107
00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:07,320
V-22鱼鹰倾转旋翼机

108
00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:09,000
这种能够像直升机一样

109
00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:10,120
垂直起降

110
00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:10,800
又能够像

111
00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:11,920
固定翼飞机一样

112
00:03:11,960 --> 00:03:14,240
高速飞行的特殊飞行器

113
00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:15,080
使日本

114
00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:16,640
拥有了更远距离的

115
00:03:16,680 --> 00:03:18,640
快速机动能力

116
00:03:18,680 --> 00:03:20,040
而变化最大的

117
00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:21,600
则是导弹

118
00:03:21,640 --> 00:03:23,000
2023年底

119
00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:24,280
日本正式决定

120
00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:26,960
采购美国战斧巡航导弹

121
00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:27,960
这种导弹

122
00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:30,360
射程超过1600公里

123
00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:32,400
从设计诞生的第一天起

124
00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:33,920
它就不是为海岸防御

125
00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:35,160
准备的武器

126
00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:37,800
它的使命是远程打击

127
00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:38,800
 

128
00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:40,080
日本一直在寻求

129
00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:41,320
从一个经济大国

130
00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:42,640
向政治大国

131
00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:44,200
乃至一个军事大国

132
00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:46,040
进行转型

133
00:03:46,080 --> 00:03:48,160
但是在转型的过程中间

134
00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:49,480
实际上日本有一个

135
00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:50,280
根本性的问题

136
00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:51,880
他绕不开他是

137
00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:54,840
第二次世界大战的战败国

138
00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:55,680
“和平宪法”

139
00:03:55,720 --> 00:03:57,000
对他的军事力量的发展

140
00:03:57,040 --> 00:03:59,040
实际上是构成了

141
00:03:59,080 --> 00:04:00,760
非常重要的约束

142
00:04:00,800 --> 00:04:02,440
那么在这个过程中间

143
00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:04,920
他在军力不断地发展的时候

144
00:04:04,960 --> 00:04:07,400
实际上他采取了两个措施

145
00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:11,160
来帮助他发展军力

146
00:04:11,200 --> 00:04:12,400
特别是发展一些

147
00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:13,600
进攻性的力量

148
00:04:13,640 --> 00:04:14,920
这两个措施

149
00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:16,320
第一个实际上

150
00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:17,960
就是渲染威胁

151
00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:20,440
第二个是防御伪装

152
00:04:20,480 --> 00:04:23,080
这就是为他发展军力

153
00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:25,800
特别是发展一些进攻性的力量

154
00:04:25,840 --> 00:04:27,680
在制造一个所谓的

155
00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:30,120
合理性的借口

156
00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:31,360
他把一些这种

157
00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:32,640
进攻性的力量

158
00:04:32,680 --> 00:04:34,320
实际上包装到

159
00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:36,000
防御的范畴里面

160
00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:38,320
也就是在反击能力中间

161
00:04:38,360 --> 00:04:39,880
把进攻性的力量

162
00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:41,080
包装成了一种

163
00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:42,360
防御性的手段

164
00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:44,840
日本在发展军事力量的

165
00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:45,840
过程中间

166
00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:46,800
最近这几年

167
00:04:46,840 --> 00:04:48,320
特别强调发展

168
00:04:48,360 --> 00:04:50,680
远程精确

169
00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:52,920
和综合的态势感知

170
00:04:52,960 --> 00:04:53,920
这方面的能力

171
00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:55,440
在这个领域

172
00:04:55,480 --> 00:04:56,920
在发展的过程中间

173
00:04:56,960 --> 00:04:58,200
他始终强调一个

174
00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:01,560
先寻求与美国进行勾连

175
00:05:01,600 --> 00:05:03,240
然后再寻求

176
00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:05,880
实现日本的发展

177
00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:07,640
那么向美国采购

178
00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:09,200
就是他实现

179
00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:10,160
他进攻性力量

180
00:05:10,200 --> 00:05:11,720
和广域态势感知中间

181
00:05:11,760 --> 00:05:13,520
一个非常重要的

182
00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:15,000
一种策略性的选择

183
00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:17,240
就是他向美国进行采购

184
00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:18,680
从美国进行引进以后

185
00:05:18,720 --> 00:05:19,680
在某种程度上

186
00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:21,800
一方面可以让他快速地

187
00:05:21,840 --> 00:05:22,960
拥有这种能力

188
00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:23,560
另外

189
00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:24,640
有美国的背书

190
00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:25,280
 

191
00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:26,560
日本通过从美国

192
00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:28,360
引进F-35战机

193
00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:29,960
和战斧巡航导弹等

194
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:30,960
先进装备

195
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:31,840
迅速获得了

196
00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:33,080
第五代战机

197
00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:34,560
远程精确打击能力

198
00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:35,040
以及

199
00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:36,680
先进导弹防御系统等

200
00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:38,320
现代化战力

201
00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:38,840
然而

202
00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:40,160
采购终究是

203
00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:42,040
获得现成的武器

204
00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:43,000
对于日本来说

205
00:05:43,040 --> 00:05:44,240
更关键的目标

206
00:05:44,280 --> 00:05:45,040
在于掌握

207
00:05:45,080 --> 00:05:46,560
核心武器装备的

208
00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:47,800
自主研制

209
00:05:47,840 --> 00:05:50,480
与升级技术

210
00:05:50,520 --> 00:05:51,160
因此

211
00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:53,280
在大量购入美国武器的同时

212
00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:54,720
日本也在持续推动

213
00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:57,120
本国国防工业体系的建设

214
00:05:57,160 --> 00:05:57,720
其中

215
00:05:57,760 --> 00:05:59,120
两个方面的变化

216
00:05:59,160 --> 00:06:00,200
值得关注

217
00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:01,160
 

218
00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:04,240
一是导弹射程的扩展

219
00:06:04,280 --> 00:06:06,120
原本以近海防御为主的

220
00:06:06,160 --> 00:06:07,680
12式反舰导弹

221
00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:08,800
其打击距离

222
00:06:08,840 --> 00:06:09,840
在不断延长

223
00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:10,880
作战定位

224
00:06:10,920 --> 00:06:13,040
也在相应改变

225
00:06:13,080 --> 00:06:13,640
二是

226
00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:16,200
海上平台的转型

227
00:06:16,240 --> 00:06:17,600
作为日本海上自卫队

228
00:06:17,640 --> 00:06:19,600
最大的水面舰艇之一

229
00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:20,840
出云级

230
00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:22,040
正在进行改装

231
00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:25,200
以适应F-35B战机的起降

232
00:06:25,240 --> 00:06:27,440
这艘曾被称为护卫舰的舰艇

233
00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:28,720
正在逐步获得

234
00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:31,240
运用固定翼舰载机的能力

235
00:06:31,280 --> 00:06:36,200
 

236
00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:37,800
12式反舰导弹

237
00:06:37,840 --> 00:06:40,000
是日本陆上自卫队装备的

238
00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:42,960
新一代岸基反舰导弹系统

239
00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:43,840
主要用于

240
00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:45,520
对海上舰艇目标

241
00:06:45,560 --> 00:06:47,880
实施远程精确打击

242
00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:49,800
导弹长度约5米

243
00:06:49,840 --> 00:06:52,080
弹径约350毫米

244
00:06:52,120 --> 00:06:54,320
发射重量约700公斤

245
00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:56,560
采用固体火箭助推器

246
00:06:56,600 --> 00:06:57,600
巡航阶段

247
00:06:57,640 --> 00:06:59,840
使用涡喷发动机推进

248
00:06:59,880 --> 00:07:02,480
飞行速度约马赫数0.9

249
00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:04,280
原始型号最大射程

250
00:07:04,320 --> 00:07:05,640
约200公里

251
00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:06,680
12式导弹

252
00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:08,760
采用复合制导方式

253
00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:10,440
导弹飞行过程中

254
00:07:10,480 --> 00:07:12,360
能够根据外部目标信息

255
00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:13,960
进行航路修正

256
00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:14,640
末段

257
00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:15,920
具备自主搜索

258
00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:17,560
和目标识别能力

259
00:07:17,600 --> 00:07:18,360
近年来

260
00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:19,160
日本启动

261
00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:22,200
12式导弹能力向上型研发计划

262
00:07:22,240 --> 00:07:23,040
该型号

263
00:07:23,080 --> 00:07:25,240
是日本远程打击体系建设的

264
00:07:25,280 --> 00:07:26,360
重要项目

265
00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:28,280
首先是射程提升

266
00:07:28,320 --> 00:07:29,200
由原来的

267
00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:30,360
约200公里

268
00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:32,800
提升至约1000公里以上

269
00:07:32,840 --> 00:07:33,560
其次是

270
00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:34,920
隐身外形

271
00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:37,000
将弹体重新设计

272
00:07:37,040 --> 00:07:39,200
减少雷达反射截面积

273
00:07:39,240 --> 00:07:41,400
新增对陆精确打击能力

274
00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:42,320
 

275
00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:43,000
然而

276
00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:45,600
即便是射程达到上千公里的

277
00:07:45,640 --> 00:07:48,000
12式能力向上型导弹

278
00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:50,000
也并非日本远程打击体系

279
00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:51,560
建设的终点

280
00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:52,520
近年来

281
00:07:52,560 --> 00:07:54,200
日本正将更多资源

282
00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:55,280
投入到另一类

283
00:07:55,320 --> 00:07:56,920
武器的发展之中

284
00:07:56,960 --> 00:07:58,720
高超音速滑翔弹

285
00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:00,360
与传统导弹相比

286
00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:01,800
高超音速滑翔弹

287
00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:02,880
最大的特点

288
00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:04,440
在于速度更快

289
00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:06,400
飞行轨迹更加复杂

290
00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:07,400
拦截难度

291
00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:09,640
也随之大幅提高

292
00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:11,000
它被普遍认为是

293
00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:13,200
未来远程精确打击体系的

294
00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:15,040
重要组成部分

295
00:08:15,080 --> 00:08:17,400
也是当前世界主要军事强国

296
00:08:17,440 --> 00:08:19,920
竞相发展的重点项目之一

297
00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:21,160
 

298
00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:21,800
近日

299
00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:23,120
日本陆上自卫队

300
00:08:23,160 --> 00:08:25,440
在静冈县东富士演习场

301
00:08:25,480 --> 00:08:27,280
举行了国内最大规模的

302
00:08:27,320 --> 00:08:29,600
富士综合火力演习

303
00:08:29,640 --> 00:08:31,240
并首次公开展示了

304
00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:32,920
射程约1000公里的

305
00:08:32,960 --> 00:08:35,040
25式高超声速导弹

306
00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:36,080
 

307
00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:37,000
6月8日

308
00:08:37,040 --> 00:08:38,120
日本防卫省

309
00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:39,640
开始将陆上自卫队

310
00:08:39,680 --> 00:08:42,520
12式岸舰导弹发射装置等装备

311
00:08:42,560 --> 00:08:44,160
部署至日本最东端

312
00:08:44,200 --> 00:08:45,320
离岛南鸟岛

313
00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:47,560
并计划自2027年起

314
00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:51,600
在当地开展实弹射击训练

315
00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:53,880
日方在军事安全领域危险

316
00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:54,480
冒进

317
00:08:54,520 --> 00:08:55,320
和试探

318
00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:57,000
挑衅动作频频

319
00:08:57,040 --> 00:08:58,000
早已戳穿了

320
00:08:58,040 --> 00:08:59,200
其和平国家

321
00:08:59,240 --> 00:09:01,400
和专守防卫的自我标榜

322
00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:04,040


323
00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:04,080